Thursday 6 July 2017

The Relationship of between Winning and Losing In Pencak Silat Tanding 28th 2015 SEA Games Singapore

Shapie M. N. M. (1,2) & Hakim M. A. (1)

1. Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
2. Pertubuhan Seni Gayung Fatani Malaysia



Abstract
            The purpose of this report is to study or find the relationship between the winning and losing condition in 4 Pencak Silat Tanding at the 28th 2015 SEA Games Singapore matches based on descriptive study. All notational taking are using hand notational system by identify 14 different types of event performed by the 2 contestant from the beginning and end of the action period. A freely accessible video recording of Vietnam silat matches in Sea Games Singapore 2015 from YouTube was utilized for investigation. The system used to identify 14 different types of event performed by the 2 contestants as well as the start and end of action periods.  The table shows that Malaysia pesilat produce low standard error mean compare than their opponents. The data about the nature of the activity performed within fight periods can be combined with the analysis done by previous study to provide a detailed description of the demands of the sport and assist in the development of specific training programmers. The approach used here would be useful to apply to other sports whose work and rest periods have been investigated to give a greater understanding of the type and frequency of action within the work periods.



Introduction

            Physical fitness has always been inextricably linked to human existence in nature. It is determined by various elements, above all by motor abilities, which can be shaped and developed. Various forms of time motion analyses have been used widely to estimate the nature of specific intermittent high intensity and low intensity activities as they relate to the energy requirements of team sports. Previous research notated the technique used in defensive and offensive movements such as in mixed-martial arts (Greenwood, 1977).
Research that specifically describes the activity involved in silat that specifically describes the activity that contributes to the physiological demands of this combat sport is little nowadays. The nature of work periods within any combat sports depends on the frequency, volume and type of the activity being performed (Zago et al., 2015). The distribution of fight time and break time has been determined in international silat competition in the previous research, which indicated that 62.6% of the match is spent in fight time. In addition, a single match contains 30.0 mean action periods with on average 15.3 s being performed with break periods averaging 8.4 s (Shapie et. al., 2008). The work to rest ratio of 2:1 in silat might be misinterpreted if people count the action periods performed in silat in the same way as work periods in field games and racket sports are interpreted. The nature of “purposeful movement” in team games, rallies in racket sports and action periods in martial arts are very different. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to describe the detail activity that occurs during the fight time of a silat match, especially the profile of technical events.



Materials and method

Match analysis

            A video recording that is publicly available that shows two male silat match at the 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 was used for analysis purposes. The first male match was a semi-final and final of men tanding class B of the 55kg weight category. The second male match was a semi-final and final of men tanding class E of the 70kg weight category. The system was used to identify 14 different types of event performed by the two contestants as well as the start and end of action periods.
            Video were played at a slower rate of 50% and shown in sequences that were repeated to allow an accurate measurement of each of the offensive and defensive movement category. The video were paused and played again to ease the analysis. Silat exponent motion was subjectively categorized based on Shapie M.N.M. et al (2013) for silat competition. Information could be entered into the computer system using a ‘Mouse’, via representation on the screen of the silat match. The commencement and completion of each individual action period was notated using hand notational.

Motion categories

            In silat, movements are categorize into 14 different silat exponent’s motion and are define a follow:
Punch: The punch "tumbuk" assault is finished by a hand with a shut clench hand hitting the objective. In silat punching is frequently used to battle the adversary. It can be a straight punch 'tumbuk lurus' or uppercut "sauk" to the type body.
Kick: The kick 'tendang/terajang' is an assaulting development which is performed with one leg or two legs at the same time. A kick can be gone for any objective. It can be front kick " tendangdepan', side-kick "depak" or semi-roundabout side kick 'tendang lengkar'.
Block: The blocking developments start with the stance position 'sikap pasang': the example stands straight with his hands around his body or hidden from plain view. Blocking or repelling "tangkisan" should be possible utilizing arms, elbows and legs with the reason to close off or striking back at any assault.
Catch: The catch "tangkapan" is finished by utilizing the hand to deter the rival from doing an assault. The silat type can keep him from being assaulted by indicating the assault which he has gotten another heading. A catch which turns or drags the adversary is taboo.
Topple: There are different methods for toppling down one's rival. Each fall is viewed as legitimate the length of the silat example topples his adversary down without wrestling or he can overwhelm the rival whom he has cut down.
Sweep: Swiping "sapuan" includes assaulting an adversary's leg which is on the ground to unstabilize him and convey down to the ground
Evade/Dodge: The sidestep "elakan" procedure is completed by silat type when he tries to dodge an assault. This strategy does not require the silat type to touch the adversary in fighting off the assault.
Self-Release: Self-discharge 'lepas tangkapan' method is a system to open any secure or catch from a rival.
Block and Punch: The blocking procedure is utilized to hinder any hand or leg assault from the rival and took after by counter assault utilizing the hand to punch the rival.
Block and Kick: The blocking method is utilized to hinder any hand or leg assault from the adversary and took after by counter assault utilizing the leg to kick the rival.
Block and Sweep: The blocking strategy is utilized to obstruct any hand or leg assault from the rival and took after by counter assault utilizing clearing system to the adversary.
Fake Punch: An activity which a silat example means to confound the adversary utilizing a fake punch to break his rival's protective stance.
Fake Kick: An activity which a silat example expects to confound the rival utilizing a fake kick to break his rival protective stance.
Others: Both silat examples are either in stance position 'sikap pasang' or approaching each other utilizing silat step design 'pola langkah'. Every one of the exercises is viewed as high power aside from others which around then both silat types are in low force periods.

Statistical analysis

The observation generated data will be frequency counted, a method of recording in observational research in which the researcher records each occurrence clearly defined behavior within a certain time frame. All the raw data generated by hand notional then transferred into SPSS for more detailed analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) Data Editor.


Result

Match 1 Pencak Silat Men Class E (Final) Vietnam vs Malaysia
Vietnam (red)
Notation
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss Target
Not Available
Total
Punch
10
5
0
0
15
Kick
9
8
11
0
28
Topple
0
9
0
0
9
Sweep
0
2
0
0
2
Evade
0
0
0
2
2
Block
3
0
0
0
3
Catch
6
0
0
0
6
Self Release
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Kick
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Sweep
0
0
0
0
0
Fake Kick
0
0
0
25
25
Fake Punch
0
0
0
8
8
Other
0
0
0
7
7
Total
28
24
11
42
105

Malaysia (Blue)
Notation
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss Target
Not Available
Total
Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Kick
8
6
3
0
17
Topple
6
0
0
0
0
Sweep
0
9
1
0
10
Evade
8
0
0
0
8
Block
2
0
0
0
2
Catch
9
0
0
0
9
Self Release
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Kick
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Sweep
0
0
0
0
0
Fake Kick
0
0
0
6
6
Fake Punch
0
0
0
8
8
Other
0
0
0
4
4
Total
33
15
4
18
66





Group Statistics

group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
score
Malaysia
4
17.5000
11.95826
5.97913
Vietnam
4
26.2500
12.76388
6.38194


Match 2 Pencak Silat Tanding Men Class E (Semi Final) Singapore vs Malaysia
Singapore (Red)
Notation
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss Target
Not Available
Total
Punch
3
2
6
0
11
Kick
1
7
15
0
23
Topple
6
0
0
0
6
Sweep
2
0
2
0
4
Evade
0
0
0
5
5
Block
6
0
0
6
6
Catch
4
0
1
0
1
Self Release
2
0
0
0
2
Block & Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Kick
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Sweep
0
0
0
0
0
Fake Kick
0
0
0
11
11
Fake Punch
0
0
0
3
3
Other
0
0
0
4
1
Total
26
9
22
29
86

Malaysia (Blue)
Notation
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss Target
Not Available
Total
Punch
2
0
5
0
7
Kick
0
9
8
0
17
Topple
1
2
0
0
3
Sweep
3
0
0
0
3
Evade
0
0
0
12
12
Block
8
0
0
0
8
Catch
7
0
1
0
8
Self Release
1
0
0
0
1
Block & Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Kick
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Sweep
0
0
0
0
0
Fake Kick
0
0
0
4
4
Fake Punch
0
0
0
6
6
Other
0
0
0
7
7
Total
22
11
14
29
76


Group Statistics

group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
score
Malaysia
4
19.0000
8.12404
4.06202
Singapore
4
21.5000
8.81287
4.40643


Match 3 Pencak Silat Tanding Men Class B (Semi Final) Malaysia vs Vietnam
Malaysia (Red)
Notation
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss Target
Not Available
Total
Punch
7
0
2
0
9
Kick
0
3
1
0
4
Topple
3
0
0
0
3
Sweep
2
1
0
0
3
Evade
0
0
0
2
2
Block
4
0
0
0
4
Catch
7
0
1
0
8
Self Release
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Kick
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Sweep
0
0
0
0
0
Fake Kick
0
0
0
1
1
Fake Punch
0
0
0
2
2
Other
0
0
0
2
2
Total
30
4
4
7
45

Vietnam (Blue)
Notation
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss Target
Not Available
Total
Punch
9
6
3
0
18
Kick
2
6
2
0
10
Topple
3
0
0
0
3
Sweep
0
1
0
0
1
Evade
0
0
0
0
0
Block
1
0
0
0
1
Catch
2
0
0
0
2
Self Release
1
1
0
0
2
Block & Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Kick
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Sweep
0
0
0
0
0
Fake Kick
0
0
0
4
4
Fake Punch
0
0
0
1
1
Other
0
0
0
4
4
Total
18
14
5
9
46


Group Statistics

group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
score
Malaysia
4
11.5000
5.68624
2.84312
Vietnam
4
11.2500
12.57975
6.28987


Match 4 Pencak Silat Tanding Men Class B (Final) Malaysia vs Thailand
Malaysia (Blue)
Notation
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss Target
Not Available
Total
Punch
6
3
4
0
13
Kick
1
4
2
0
7
Topple
0
0
0
0
0
Sweep
1
1
3
0
5
Evade
0
0
0
4
4
Block
3
0
1
0
4
Catch
6
1
0
0
7
Self Release
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Kick
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Sweep
0
0
0
0
0
Fake Kick
0
0
0
4
4
Fake Punch
0
0
0
8
8
Other
0
0
0
8
8
Total
17
9
10
24
60

Thailand (Red)
Notation
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss Target
Not Available
Total
Punch
13
1
1
0
15
Kick
3
6
7
0
16
Topple
1
0
0
0
1
Sweep
0
1
0
0
1
Evade
0
0
0
3
3
Block
1
0
0
0
1
Catch
1
0
0
0
1
Self Release
3
0
0
0
3
Block & Punch
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Kick
0
0
0
0
0
Block & Sweep
0
0
0
0
0
Fake Kick
0
0
0
5
5
Fake Punch
0
0
0
14
14
Other
0
0
0
16
16
Total
22
8
8
38
76


Group Statistics

group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
score
Malaysia
4
19.0000
14.28286
7.14143
Thailand
4
15.0000
6.97615
3.48807



Discussion

            Based on the results, for class E semifinal and final match, Malaysia pesilat won the match through topple and sweeping action with percentage of 8.57% and 12.86%. Even though the hit target for all 14 indicators for Malaysia pesilat on the semifinal match is much lower than Singapore pesilat, but Malaysia pesilat have higher hit on target compare to it opponent from Vietnam. The standard error mean for the Malaysia pesilat is low than his opponent which is 5.97913 on the final match and 4.06202 on the semifinal match. But compare to Men’s Class B, Malaysia pesilat have low margin of topple and sweeping action which about 6.42% and 3.12% on the semifinal and final match. The Malaysia pesilat also have higher margin of standard mean error on the final match against the Thailand pesilat which about 7.14143 but the favor of the game were given to the Malaysia pesilat as the opponent from Thailand land a force error that injured the Malaysia pesilat and disqualified his opponent. If the game is continue until the last round, The Thailand pesilat have higher chance of winning as his hit target percentage for punching and kicking action is quite high with 21.07%.
            Thus, beside from silat techniques the results suggested successful silat exponents tended to demonstrate high upper body isometric strength (catch) and power (punch and block) and superior lower body strength and power (kicks), endurance (repetition of kicks) and speed (kick velocity). Besides that, throwing (topple and sweep) show significant result of winning in a match as it result more point to win like it how Malaysia pesilat win based on the result of Men’s Class E Semifinal and Final Match where he able to topple and sweep his opponent multiple time with success. The need for limb speed for kicking and punching, better co-ordination to evade strikes and also other factors as aforementioned that influences movement patterns common to silat competition need to be taken into consideration. Therefore, it is important to develop skills that contribute to scoring points besides developing the metabolic systems that involved in silat competition.




Conclusion

           
            Post-event analysis of hand notation indicates that the prototype system developed for this study can be used to record and evaluate a silat match. This study complemented with those of the broad work and rest study undertaken by Shapie et al.. The current study has provided a great understanding of information for the silat by looking at thea ctivity involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more high intensity actions than low intensity actions. However it is important to understand that high intensity actions will contribute more in the score points rather than low intensity actions.

            There is also a range of frequency in attacking and defensive activities used by both of the exponents. The winner used more kicks than the loser which may reflect greater skill or fitness or both. However, it is still doubtful that these are the only factors that influence the match. It is recommended that future studies determine the full range of activities performed with movement classifications and the variation of strikes that contribute to losing and winning the match. The implication from a coaching perspective of the types and frequencies of strikes used would suggest that in training, a large proportion of time needs to be utilized in development of kicking and blocking as well as the conditioning of lower limbs in order to absorbs strikes and resist fatigue during a match to being able to defend and counter attack effectively.



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Pencak Silat Tanding Men’s Class E Semi-final Malaysia vs Singapore (Day 8) | 28th SEA Games            Singapore2015 SingaporeSportshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYjO_ATIeBI

Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class E Final Vietnam vs Malaysia (Day 9) | 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 SingaporeSports - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TogWi7jsKcU

Pencak Silat Tanding Men’s Class B Semi-final MAS vs VIE (Day 8) | 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 SingaporeSports https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZVRSn_Vq68

Pencak Silat Tanding Men’s Class B Final THA vs MAS (Day 9) | 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015SingaporeSports - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TP91oJ2epiM


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